← Back to all articles
PharmacologyPubMed VerifiedOpen Access

Toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics of ayahuasca alkaloids N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), harmine, harmaline and tetrahydroharmine: clinical and forensic impact

Brito-da-Costa AM, Dias-da-Silva D, Gomes NGM, Dinis-Oliveira RJ, Madureira-Carvalho A

Pharmaceuticals (2020)

Comprehensive review
Abstract

Thorough mechanistic review of how each ayahuasca alkaloid is absorbed, distributed, and metabolized. Explains how harmala MAO-A inhibition enables oral DMT bioavailability and details clinical and forensic implications of the pharmacokinetic interaction.

Citations80
Study TypeComprehensive review
toxicokineticsDMTharmineharmalinetetrahydroharmineforensic
DOI: 10.3390/ph13110334View on PubMed

Related Articles

Pharmacology

Development of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model of N,N-dimethyltryptamine, harmine, and their interactions from ayahuasca in rats and humans

Wittayakarn N, Tan YM et al.

Toxicological Sciences, 2025
Pharmacology

Population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of co-administered N,N-dimethyltryptamine and harmine in healthy subjects

Abelo A, Smallridge JW et al.

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 2025
Pharmacology

Dimethyltryptamine and harmine, components of ayahuasca, prevented cocaine-induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells

Salles G, de Carvalho Alves I et al.

Archives of Toxicology, 2025
Pharmacology

Examining the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction of N,N-dimethyltryptamine and harmine in healthy volunteers: a factorial dose-escalation study

Egger K, Jareno Redondo J et al.

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 2025